For 14 months, the US Securities and Exchange Commission has tried to serve summons on Gautam Adani, India's second-richest person, through proper diplomatic channels. For 14 months, India's government has said no.
Now the SEC is done waiting. On January 21, the agency filed a motion with a federal court in New York asking permission to serve the documents via email and through Adani's US-based lawyers. The message is clear: if India won't cooperate through the Hague Convention, the SEC will find another way.
A billion people aren't a statistic - they're a billion stories. This story is about how India's government is shielding its most powerful businessman from American regulators, and what that means for India's reputation as an investment destination.
The blockade
The SEC filed civil charges against Gautam Adani and his nephew Sagar Adani in November 2024, alleging they orchestrated a massive bribery scheme involving hundreds of millions of dollars in payments to Indian government officials. The case centers on a 2021 bond offering by Adani Green Energy that raised approximately $175 million from US investors.
The SEC says the bond prospectus contained misleading statements about the company's anti-corruption compliance programs. In other words: Adani told American investors his company was clean while allegedly paying massive bribes in India.
To pursue the case, the SEC first tried the proper diplomatic route - the Hague Convention on service of legal documents. That meant filing papers with India's Ministry of Law and Justice and waiting for them to serve the summons.
India's response: bureaucratic obstruction.
In April 2025, the Ministry rejected the first request, claiming missing seals and signatures. The SEC corrected the paperwork and refiled. In December 2025, the Ministry raised new objections, citing an SEC internal regulation and claiming - absurdly - that the SEC "appeared to suggest that the SEC lacks authority" under the Hague Convention.
The SEC called this argument "baseless" in its court filing. Translation: India is making excuses.
The new strategy
The SEC's January 21 motion asks the court for permission to serve summons via email and through the Adanis' retained US legal counsel. The agency notes that both defendants "demonstrably know about the case and are actively managing their legal response."
In other words: they're already defending themselves through American lawyers. Just let us email them the official papers.
The motion states bluntly: "The SEC does not expect service to be completed through the Hague Convention." After 14 months, the agency has given up on Indian cooperation.
What this means for India
This isn't just about one businessman and one case. It's about India's willingness to protect powerful interests from foreign legal scrutiny.
Gautam Adani is not just rich - he's politically connected, with business interests spanning ports, power plants, airports, and infrastructure across India. His rise has tracked closely with Prime Minister Narendra Modi's political career. Critics have long alleged favoritism; the Modi government has consistently denied any impropriety.
Now India's government is actively blocking American regulators from serving legal papers on Adani. That sends a message to international investors: if you have problems with powerful Indian businessmen, don't expect help from Indian authorities.
The stakes are enormous. India markets itself as a reliable destination for foreign investment, an alternative to China with stronger rule of law. But rule of law means letting regulators do their jobs - including foreign regulators investigating fraud claims involving foreign investors.
The bigger picture
The Adani case comes amid broader concerns about corporate governance and regulatory oversight in India. International investors have pumped billions into Indian stocks and bonds, betting on the country's growth story.
But growth without transparency is a risky bet. The SEC's allegations - if proven - suggest Adani raised money from Americans while running a bribery operation in India. That's not just fraud; it's a breakdown of basic corporate governance.
India's refusal to cooperate with the SEC investigation raises uncomfortable questions. If the charges are baseless, why not let Adani defend himself in American court? If there's evidence of wrongdoing, why is the government protecting him?
For 1.4 billion Indians, this isn't an abstract question. Foreign investment helps fund infrastructure, creates jobs, and drives economic growth. But that investment requires trust - trust that contracts will be honored, that courts are independent, that regulators can investigate wrongdoing.
Right now, India's government is teaching international investors a different lesson: if you're powerful enough, we'll protect you from scrutiny. That's not a good message for a country that wants to be the world's next economic superpower.
The SEC will likely get its court order to serve summons via email. Then the real legal battle begins. But the reputational damage to India has already started.
